WEBVTT

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Hello everyone, in order to help you keep up with the tutorial,

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we'll start by learning the basic parameters 

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of the particle system in Blender.

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Let's dive into it in this episode.

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To give you an intuitive understanding of these basic parameters,

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we'll demonstrate with a simple sphere mesh.

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First, add a particle system to this mesh and switch to Hair type,

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so we've added a layer of hair now.

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Move on to the parameters of Emission,

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which are the initial settings for a hair styling.

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Once we edit them in Particle Edit mode,

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they can not be changed anymore.

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Therefore, it's essential to set these parameters appropriately in the first place.

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These initial parameters are used to set up the guides,

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which are essentially the parent hair.

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You might not understand what parent hair is. Don't worry,

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we'll explain this in detail when we explain children hair later on.

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Let's start with the Number.

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The higher the value, the denser the hair.

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We can adjust it by dragging the mouse cursor, or by directly inputting values.

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One thing to note is that the number of guides should not be set arbitrarily,

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as it directly influences the quantity and density of hair clumps.

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For example, if you're creating hair styling for an animal

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and start with a low number of guides, you'll end up with fewer clumps.

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This means you would need to manually add more hairs later,

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which can be quite time-consuming.

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Conversely, setting the number too high

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from the beginning can make grooming and adjustments more cumbersome.

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Therefore, we need to set the initial value of Number based

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on the density of the real animal's hair,

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which will be more conducive to subsequent styling.

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Next up is the Hair Length. 

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The larger the value, the longer the hair.

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When dragging the mouse cursor, we'll find there's a maximum length,

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meaning it can't be increased beyond 10 meters by dragging.

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To exceed this length, you need to input values manually.

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Make sure to set the length as close as possible

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to the actual hair length of your reference character.

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If the animal in the reference has long hair,

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adjust the length accordingly.

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If the initial length is significantly different from the reference,

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manual adjustments will be needed later,

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so it's best to avoid this extra work if possible.

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Segments controls the number of segments in each guide.

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After modification, you can see the updated effects in Particle Edit Mode.

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The number of segments should be set based on the length of the hair.

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For most animal fur, starting with 2 segments is typical,

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and you can increase this number as you refine the fur.

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For longer human hair, a higher number of segments

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will help achieve a finer and more detailed hairstyle.

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Note that Segments are not keypoints. For example,

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2 segments mean there are 3 keypoints.

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The parameters in the Source section mainly modify the distribution of hair.

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We can see that the current hair distribution appears random and uneven.

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To achieve an even distribution of hair,

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you can turn off the option Random Order,

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which will make the hair density more even.

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Even Distribution distributes hair evenly based on the surface of a mesh.

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That is, smaller surfaces emit fewer guides, while larger surfaces emit more.

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Checking this option will help achieve a more even distribution of guides.

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To better observe the guides, turn on "Wireframe".

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Both even and uneven hair densities have their advantages.

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you can choose one of them based on the animal being created.

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An even hair density is suitable for short-haired animals,

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where the styling is simpler, with high and even density.

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An uneven hair density is better for long-haired animals

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with more complex styling and varied clump densities.

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If you need to generate parent hairs based on the number of faces,

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adjust "Particles/Face".

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The default value of 0 means it doesn't work,

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and the guides' density is solely influenced by the two parameters above.

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Setting the Particles/Face to 1 will generate one parent hair per face.

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And setting it to 3 will generate three parent hairs per face, and so on.

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Adjust this value as needed to control the number

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of parent hairs generated per face.

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The current visibility of hair may not be clear enough.

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To improve this, go to the Render Properties, change Shape in Curve to Strip.

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This will display the thickness of the hair and make it easy to observe.

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When observing, you may find that some faces have insufficient parent hair.

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In this case, you may need to increase the Number.

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A sufficient Number is necessary for an even distribution of hair.

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Next is Render.

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After unwrapping, the first is Material.

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You can assign different materials here.

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Currently, there are two materials available.

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You can switch between them from here.

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Steps controls the number of segments in the hair.

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Higher values result in smoother hair with richer detail.

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We'll demonstrate this next.

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The initially generated hair is straight,

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so adjusting the Steps in this state might not show any change.

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To make the parameter adjustments noticeable,

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we can groom the hair to add some curvature.

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Switch to the "Image Editor" to render the image

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and observe the current effect.

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Switch to "Slot 2", increase Steps to 6,

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and render to view the effect.

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Observing the render,

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you'll see that higher Steps result in smoother and more detailed hair.

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For hair with significant bends and curves,

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you need to adjust the Steps to a higher value.

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The next parameter is "End",

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which controls the length of hair.

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If "Kink" is enabled and then use "End",

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it will only affect the length, not the frequency of the kink.

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The next is "Random".

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When enabled, it makes the hair lengths more varied,

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with a mix of long and short hairs.

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Random is used to create a more natural look with varied hair lengths

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and to enhance the realism of the hair, so it is often used.

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Strand Steps in Viewport Display functions similarly to "Steps" in Render,

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but controls the display of hair steps in the 3D viewport.

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It's important to note that the final rendered hair steps are determined

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by Steps in Render.

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The parameter "Amount" modifies 

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the percentage of hairs displayed in the viewport.

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It works well only when Children is enabled,

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since it cannot affect edited particles.

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Children is an important part of the hair system.

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Once Children is enabled,

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we'll find its parameters are somewhat similar

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to Emission as they also control amount and length.

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This might be confusing for those new to Blender's particle system,

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as both Emission and Children influence the amount of hair.

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In fact, the hair particle system in Blender is composed of guides and children.

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Children are generated based on the parent guides.

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In Particle Edit mode, children do not appear,

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meaning only the parent guides can be edited for direction.

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The direction of children is controlled by their parent guides,

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and children are adjusted through parameters.

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This will add rich details to the hair styling, 

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making it look more realistic.

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In Particle Edit mode, children are not displayed by default.

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If you want to see the results of children in real time,

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you need to enable children in Particle Edit mode.

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We will explain this in detail in the next episode.

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In the Children section, they are divided into two modes,

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one of which is "Simple", the other is "Interpolated".

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Each with different characteristics and application scenarios.

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Simple children are emitted from the position of the parents,

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centered around the parents, and their position is controlled by radius.

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In this mode, 

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the distribution of children cannot be controlled by weights or textures.

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Simple children are suitable for effects with rich directions,

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such as long and curly hair.

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Interpolated children are distributed across the entire mesh surface.

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Their growth area is controlled by weight and texture.

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Even if there are few parent guides,

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Blender will add children between adjacent hairs to ensure an even distribution.

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This mode is suitable for creating medium-short and short hair,

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as children will be distributed across the entire mesh surface,

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and the growth area of Interpolated is not affected by the number of guides.

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The parameters of Simple mode and Interpolated mode are basically the same.

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Since the wolf hair we're creating benefits from using Interpolated mode,

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we'll use Interpolated as an example to explain these parameters.

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First are "Display Amount" and "Render Amount".

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These two parameters control the amount of children displayed

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in the viewport and in the final render.

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They can be used in conjunction with each other.

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When adjusting the overall styling,

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set Display Amount higher to bring the current hair quantity closer 

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to the reference,

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which is beneficial for adjusting the hair styling.

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For detail work, set Render Amount to the highest

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and Display Amount to a lower value,

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such as only showing ten percent of the total hair.

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This will speed up the refresh rates,

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and we can render to observe the final effect.

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Length in Children controls the length of children,

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only allowing them to become shorter, not longer.

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Threshold controls the percentages of children unaffected by Length.

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These two parameters can be used together.

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When there are a large number of hairs,

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it's not enough to adjust Random in Render alone.

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In this case, you can reduce Length in Children and increase Threshold

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to achieve varied hair layers with random lengths.

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It's worth noting that if the "Kink" is enabled before setting the Length,

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not only will the length be affected, 

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but the frequency of kink will decrease.

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Parting is used to enhance the direction of the hair.

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When using Interpolated Children,

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you may notice that the hair flow is somewhat weakened compared

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to the hair flow without children.

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Some children may even lack a clear direction.

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This is when Parting is needed.

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By adjusting this parameter,

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we'll find the effect somewhat resembles Simple children,

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becoming grouped. This defines a precise direction

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for the children controlled by each parent.

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Increasing Parting will make the children's direction align

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more closer to the parent's direction,

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which is useful for creating complex directions.

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To better observe the effect, enable "Cavity".

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It enhances the three-dimensional effect in the scene geometry,

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making the hair effect clearer.

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Change type to "World". 

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The World type provides a more precise result.

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By adjusting the parameter Valley,

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you can modify the intensity of the hair shadows.

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Due to different geometry scales,

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we can determine the right level of shadow by adjusting "Distance".

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Next, we'll focus on the Clumping section,

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which primarily affects the tips of the hair,

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making them converge toward the center to form clumps.

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Next up is Clump Curve.

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This replaces parametric controls with a curve to shape the clumps.

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The left side of the curve controls the hair root,

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and the right side controls the tip.

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When working with complex curves,

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it's necessary to increase the "Strand Steps" in the viewport display.

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Lower steps will not achieve complex effects.

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The higher the "Clump", the more the tips will converge,

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the lower the value, 

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the less the tips converge and the more the roots converge.

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Each parent forms a clump,

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so the number of clumps is completely controlled 

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by the number of parent guides.

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Removing some guides in Particle Edit Mode

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will reduce the number of clumps and increase the size of each clump.

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Shape controls the shape of the clumps.

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Reducing the value makes the clumps contract,

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while increasing it makes them appear more fluffy.

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This Clump Noise below can create random clumps around the parent hair.

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Clump Noise Size controls the size of these clumps,

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the larger the value, the stronger the noise.

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Clump Noise is often used to add details to hair

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as the default clumps are rather uniform.

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When Clump Noise is enabled,

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it separates the original clump into smaller clumps

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without ruining the overall shape of the larger clump.

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This adds finer detail to the hair,

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especially suitable for creating rich clumping effects.

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Roughness adds randomness to the hair,

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making it look more natural and realistic.

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When we increase the "Uniform",

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it produces a large noise effect that affects the overall hair,

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making the hair styling look fuller and more three-dimensional.

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Size controls the frequency of this noise, the lower the value,

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the higher the frequency, and vice versa.

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This allows for finer control over the hair's appearance.

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Endpoint targets the tips for fluffiness, 

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functioning like negative clumping.

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This parameter gives the hair a crisscrossed appearance,

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adding a natural fluffiness to the hair.

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The parameter Shape affects the intensity of this fluffiness.

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while decreased, they move closer to the roots,

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When increased, the fluffy points move closer to the tips;

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allowing for finer adjustment of the hair's shape.

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Enabling Random introduces noise to the hair,

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but it works differently from Uniform.

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Uniform applies a consistent noise effect across all strands,

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while Random generates small

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and random variations in each individual hair strand.

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They can be used together to create a more varied appearance.

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Adjust the overall noise effect with Uniform,

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and then add finer details with Random.

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This combination will enhance and enrich the final hair effect.

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Size of Random functions similarly as that of Uniform,

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controlling the frequency of the noise.

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Threshold controls the percentages of children not affected

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by the parameter Random.

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Go up to Use Roughness Curve.

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Enabling it allows you to use a curve to adjust roughness. However,

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this function only controls Uniform noise

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and does not affect Random or Endpoints.

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This is why it's rarely used, but it's good to be aware of it.

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Next is "Kink", which can add regular patterns to hair.

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The first type is Curl. 

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When enabled, the hair grows in a spiral shape.

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Amplitude controls the intensity of the curl.

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Clump affects how the clumping influences the amplitude of the kink.

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A Clump value of 1 gives a weaker curl at the top and stronger at the root,

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enhancing the clumping effect.

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This Clump is related to the Clump in Clumping.

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Enabling Flatness flattens the hair, the higher the value,

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the stronger the flattening effect.

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The next parameter is the frequency of curl.

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The higher the frequency, the more curling rounds.

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A higher frequency requires a higher number of steps.

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Shape adjusts the position of the curl effect,

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where positive values bring the curl closer to the tip

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and negative values closer to the root.

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This feature is especially useful 

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for long-haired animals and should be combined

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with weight variations to create a more random effect.

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Other Kink types are rarely used

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and will be explained in detail if used in subsequent cases.

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Next is "Hair Shape",

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where the parameters mainly control the thickness of the hair.

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Strand Shape controls the transition in thickness between the root and tip.

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The default value is 0, indicating a linear transition.

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A negative value makes the hair appear thicker.

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A positive value makes the hair appear thinner.

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Diameter Root and Tip control the thickness

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of the hair at the root and tip, respectively.

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Diameter Scale controls the thickness of each guide.

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Vertex Groups and Textures are similar,

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both used to control hair parameters finely.

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We'll explain the specific usage in subsequent episodes.

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Finally, let's talk about Particle Settings which stores the hair settings.

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Particle Settings can be used for different particle systems,

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but only effective for particle systems that have not been edited,

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and ineffective for edited particle systems.

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When two particle systems use the same particle setting,

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the effects of the two particle systems are synchronized.

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That's all for the basics about the particle system in Blender.

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In the next episode, we'll begin explaining the basic particle editing.